Use this if you want to repeatedly call a function for known arguments, or in case you just need a IIFE.

If you want a repeatedly called functions, you would typically -

1. Call function in a loop
2. Use recursion

For e.g. -

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function printStr(str) {
  console.log(str);
}

printStr("hello");
printStr("people");

/*
hello
people 
*/

You can do it in a more concise way like so -

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(function(str) {
  console.log(str);
  return arguments.callee;
  // return function for next call
})("hello")("world")("and")("people");

/*
hello
world
and
people
*/

Note that you are not returning a string, but a whole function and calling that function for the given arguments. In the statement, we use arguments to call the function that returns a function, and invoke the returned function on a specific argument thereon.

You may remember arguments from our discussion on arguments object in Javascript and practical application from our curry functions in Javascript post.